Frank Marco
Political competition and legislative shirking in roll-call votes: Evidence from Germany for 1953–2017
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We analyze the impact of elected competitors from the same constituency on legislative shirking in the German Bundestag from 1953 to 2017. The German electoral system ensures that there is always at least one federal legislator per constitu...
Electoral Turnout During States of Emergency and Effects on Incumbent Vote Share
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In March 2020, the second ballot of local elections in the German state of Bavaria was held under an official state of emergency due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Bavarian mayors are elected by majority rule in two-round (runoff) elections. Bet...
More Federal Legislators Lead to More Resources for Their Constituencies:
Evidence from Exogenous Differences in Seat Allocations
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Electoral district magnitude varies across German electoral constituencies and overlegislative periods due to Germany’s electoral system. The number of seats in parliament per constituency is effectively random. This setting permits us to...